Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 790 Download : 392

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

A comparison was conducted for growth criteria of common carp, Cyprinus carpio larvae cultivated in earthen ponds and recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) depending on live foods (phytoplankton and zooplankton stimulated by buffalo fertilizers in earthen ponds, while the larvae cultivated in RAS were feed on Artemia larvae reproduced in vitro, in addition to manufactured pellets (38% crude protein) for common carp in both systems. Three 2500 m2 earthen ponds were cultivated for 90 days with larvae of initial weight 0.002 g at different numbers (40800 larvae for pond 1, 55600 larvae for pond 2 and 36400 larvae for pond 3). These larvae depend on natural food for 19 days, then fed on manufactured feed. Fishes were weighed every 19 days to change daily feed. Three replicates of RAS plastic tanks (100 letter capacity) cultivated for 90 days with 0.002 g larvae at a density of 2 larvae per one liter (160 larvae at each plastic tank). These larvae fed for 15 days to saturation (4 meals daily) with Artemia larvae and small Artemia, then fed on manufactured feed. Subsequently, fishes were weighed every 15 days to change daily feed. Larvae cultivated in earthen ponds recorded weight gain of 26.90 g, daily growth of 0.30 gday-1, relative growth of 1345000%, specific growth of 10.56 %day-1, feed conversion of 1.25 and survival rate of 13.16%. Larvae cultivated in RAS system recorded weight gain of 1.53 g, daily growth of 0.02 gday-1, relative growth of 76200%, specific growth of 7.37 %day-1, feed conversion of 2.82 and survival rate of 72.32%. Statistical analysis of results revealed significant differences (p>0.05) in all growth criteria for larvae cultivated in both systems. Final conclusion that earthen pond was better than RAS systems in producing fingerlings of common carp.

Keywords

Common carp RAS Weight gain Growth rate Survival rate

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Mojer, A. M. ., Taher, M. M. ., & Al-Tameemi, R. A. . (2021). Comparison of Growth for Cultivated Common carp, Cyprinus carpio Larvae between Earthen Ponds and Recirculation Aquaculture System. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(1), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.1.17
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abdul-Kadhar, Kumar, A., Ali, J. & John, A. (2014). Studies on the survival and growth of fry of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1922) using live feed. Journal of Marine Biology, 2014, 1-7. 842381, 7pp. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1155/2014/842381
  2. Al-Jader, F. A. M., & Al-Sulevany, R. S. (2012). Evaluation of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. performance fed at three commercial diets. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 40, 20-26.doi.10.33899/ magrj. 2012.60187
  3. Al-Noor, S. S, Jasim, B. M. & Najim, S. M. (2014). Feeding and growth efficiency of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. fry fed fish biosilage as a partial alternative for fish meal. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and health Sciences, 3, 81-85.
  4. Alvarez-Gonzalez, C., Ortiz-Galindo, J. L., Dumas, S., Martinez-Diaz, S., Hernandez-Ceballos, D. E., Grayeb-Del Alamo, T., Moreno-Legoretta, M., Pena-Martinez, R., & Civera-Cerecedo, R. (2001). Effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus larvae in a closed re-circulating system. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 32, 130-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00932.x
  5. Applah-Kubi, F. (2012). An economic analysis of the use of recirculating aquaculture systems in the production of tilapia. M. Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 52pp. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/186092
  6. Chakraborty, B. K. (2017). Effect of stocking density on survival and growth of endangered elong, Bengala elonga (Hamilton) in nursery ponds. International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture, 1, 1-10. http://medwinpuplishers.com/UOAC/UOAC16000118.pdf.
  7. Coroian, C. O., Mireşan, V., Cocan, D. I., Vaţu, R. D.; Raducu, C. M., & Coroian, A. (2015). Growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings fed with various protein levels. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8, 1038-1047. http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=2121&iid=75&jid=3
  8. Dhont, J., Dierckens K., Stttrup, J., Van Stappen, G., Wille, M., & Sorgeloos, P. (2013). Rotifers, Artemia and copepods as live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture– In: Allen, G. (Ed.). Advances in Aquaculture Hatchery Technology Cambridge, Wood head Publishing, Wood head Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition. No. 242, 157-202. https://doi.org/ 10.1533/ 9780857097460.1.157
  9. Enache, I., Cristea, V., Ionescu, T., & Ion, S. (2011). The influence of stocking density on the growth of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 4, 146-153.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289255941
  10. FAO (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture (contributing to food security and nutrition for all). Rome, Italy, 200 pp. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf
  11. FAO (2020). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Sustainability in action. Rome, 206pp.https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en
  12. Gullian-Klanian, M., & Arámburu-Adame, C. (2013). Performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings in a hyper-intensive recirculating aquaculture system with low water exchange. Latin American journal of Aquatic research, 41, 150-162. http://dx.doi.org/103856/vol41-issue1-fulltext-12
  13. Haque, M. Z., Rahmam, M. A., Hossain, M. M., & Rahmam, M. A. (1994). Effect of stocking densities on the growth and survival of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio var. specularis in rearing ponds. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 22, 109-116. Cited by Chakraborty, B. K. (2017).
  14. Hossain, M. I., Ara, J., Kamal, B. M. M., Tumpa, A. S., & Hossain, M. Y. (2014). Effects of fry stocking densities on growth, survival rate and production of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio var. specularis and Labeo rohita in earthen ponds at Natore fish farm, Natore, Bangladesh. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2, 106-112. http://www.fisheriesjournal.com/vol2issue1/Pdf/172.1.pdf
  15. Irwin, S., Halloran, J. O., & Fitz-Gerald, R. D. (1999). Stocking density, growth and growth variation in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Rafinesque). Aquaculture, 178, 77-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00122-2
  16. Jafaryan, H., Mehdi Taati, M., & Jafarzadeh, M. (2011). The enhancement of growth parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae using probiotic in rearing tanks and feeding by various Artemia nauplii. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 4, 511-518. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2011.4.511-518.pdf
  17. King, N. J., Howell, W. H., Huber, M. & Bengtson, D. A. (2007). Effects of larval stocking density on laboratory–scale and commercial–scale production of summer flounder Paraliehthys dentatus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 31, 436-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1749-7345.2000.TB00893.X
  18. Kolkovski, S. (2001). Digestive enzymes in fish larvae and juveniles. Implications and applications to formulated diets. Aquaculture, 200, 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00700-1
  19. Laiz-Carrión, R., Sangiao-Alvarellos, S., Guzmán, J. M., Martín del Río, M. P., Soengas, J. L., & Mancera, J. M. (2005). Growth performance of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata in different osmotic conditions: Implications for osmoregulation and energy metabolism. Aquaculture, 250, 849-861. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.021
  20. Lopiz, J. K., Cowen, R. K., Hauff, M. J., Ji, R., Munday, P. L., Muhling, B. A. Peck, D.E., Sogard, R. S., & Sponaugle, S. (2014). Early life history and fisheries oceanography: New questions in a changing world. Oceanography, 27, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.84
  21. Martins, C. I. M., Eding, E. H., Schneider, O., Rasmussen, R., Olesen, B., Plesner, L., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2005). Recirculation aquaculture systems in Europe. Oostende, Belgium, Consensus working Group, European Aquaculture Society, 31pp. [Cited by Alpha- Kupi (2012). An economic analysis of the use of recirculating aquaculture systems in the production of tilapia, M. Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 52pp. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/186092]
  22. Martins, C. I. M., Eding, E. H., Verdegem, M. C. J., Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., Roque d’Orbcastel, E., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2010). New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: a perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43, 83-93. https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00021/13190/10273.pdf
  23. Mocanu, M. C., Vanghelie, T., Sandu, P. G., Dediu, L., & Oprea, L. (2015). The effect of supplementary feeds quality on growth performance and production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at one summer of age, in ponds aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8, 602-610. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2015.602-610.pdf.
  24. Nyadjeu, P., Djopnang, J. D., Mbatchou, P. N., Tabi-Tomedi, M. E., & Tchoumbougnang, F. (2018). Effect of fish meal substitution with lima bean meal on growth and feed utilization in common carp fry, Cyprinus carpio. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 12, 812-821. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v12i2.16
  25. Oprea, L., Mocanu, M. C., Vanghelie, T., Sandu, P. G., & Dediu, L. (2015). The influence of stocking density on growth performance, feed intake and production of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., at one summer of age, in ponds aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 8, 632-639. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2015.632-639.pdf
  26. Piska, R. S., & Naik, S. J. K. (2013). Introduction to freshwater aquaculture. Intermediate Vocational Course State Institute of Vocational Education and Board of Intermediate Education: 1-12. In Piska, R. S. (Ed.). Freshwater Aquaculture. Department of Zoology, University College of Sciences, Osmania University, 305pp.
  27. Rawlinson, P. and Forster, A. (2001). The Economics of Recirculation Aquaculture. Fisheries Victoria. Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Australia. URL: http://oregonstate.edu/dept/IIFET/2000/papers/rawlinson.pdf.
  28. Rønnestad, I., Thorsen, A., & Finn, R. N. (1999). Fish larval nutrition: a review of recent advances in the roles of amino acids. Aquaculture, 177, 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00082-4
  29. Rumpa, R. J., Haque, M. M., Alam, M. M., & Rahamatullah, S. M. (2016). Growth and production performance of carps in shaded pond in Barisal, Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Agriculture University, 14, 235-241. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU/article/view/32699
  30. Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., Varadi, L., Eding, E. H., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2006). Cost price and production strategies in European recirculation systems. Linking Tradition & Technology Highest Quality for the Consumer, Firenze, Italy, WAS. (cited by Martins, et al., 2010).
  31. Shingare, P. E, Sawant, N. H., Bhosale, B. P., & Belsare, S. C. (2006). Studies on growth and survival of Cyprinus carpio fry up to advanced fingerlings in the rain fed ponds. Journal of the Indian Society of Coastal Agricultural Research, 24, 258-260. https://2a737df0-e8bf-4830-a8c2-8b590efe84ee.filesusr.com/ugd/c3cacb_36314c5a5441430c9210792ac22bcb30.pdf?index=true
  32. Stickney, R. R. (2000). Encyclopedia of Aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1088pp. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Encyclopedia+of+Aquaculture-p-9780471291015.
  33. Taher, M. M., & Al-Dubakel, A. Y. (2020). Growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in earthen ponds in Basrah Province, Iraq by using different stocking densities. Biological and Applied Environmental Research, 4, 71-79. http://www.baerj.com/3(2)/Taher%20&%20Al-Dubakel%204%20(1),%2071-79,%202020.pdf
  34. Taher, M. M., Al-Dubakel, A. Y., & Muhammed, S. J. (2018). Growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio cultivated in semi-closed system. Basrah Journal of Agriculture Scinces, 31, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2018.74
  35. Taher, M., M., Hammadi, N., S., Ankush, M. A. T., Al-Dubakel, A., Y., & Maytham, A. A. (2021). Relationship between zooplankton occurrence and early growth of common carp in earthen ponds. Indian Journal Ecology, 48, In press.
  36. Usandi, B., Ojha, S. M. L. & Jain, H. K. (2019). Effect of larval rearing density on growth and survival of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7, 548-553. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332013957
  37. Zachritz, W. H., Hanson, A. T., Sauceda, J. A., & Fitzsimmons, K. M. (2008). Evaluation of submerged surface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands for recirculating tilapia production systems. Aquaculture Engineering, 39, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.05.001
  38. Zarski, D., Katarzyna Targonska, K., Krejszeff, S., Kwiatkowski, M., Kupren, K., & Kucharczyk, D. (2011). Influence of stocking density and type of feed on the rearing of crucian carp, Carassius carassius (L.) larvae under controlled conditions. Aquaculture International, 19, 1105-1117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-011-9427-y
  39. Zarski, D., Kucharczyk, D., Kwiatkowski, M., Targonska, K., Kupren, K., Krejszeff, S., Jamroz, M., Hakuc-Błazowska, A., Kujawa, R., & Mamcarz, A. (2008). The effect of stocking density on the growth and survival of larval asp Aspius aspius (L.) and European chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.) during rearing under controlled conditions. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 16, 371-381.https://doi.org/10.2478/s10086-008-0025-1
  40. Zhang, S. Y., Li, G., Wu, H. B., Liu, X. G., Yao, Y. H., Tao, L., & Liu, H. (2011). An integrated recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for land-based fish farming: the effects on water quality and fish production. Aquaculture Engineering, 45, 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2011.08.001