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Abstract
The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, in the Karmat Ali area during the winter agricultural season of 2022-2023. To study the response of two cauliflower cultivars Alnahar and White flake to spray with the growth stimulant Atonic at the concentrations 0, 1.5, and 3 ml L-1 on the growth and yield. The results showed that the Alnahar cultivars were significantly superior in leaf area, curd weight and total yield, in contrast, the White flake cultivars were significantly superior in the fresh and dry weights of the plant, its content of chlorophyll and carotene pigments, curd diameter, dry matter percentage and total soluble solids in the curd. Spraying with the growth stimulant Atonik at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in the plants number of leaves, fresh and dry plant, curd weight, total yield, dry matter percentage and total soluble solids in the curd. The interaction between the two factors significantly affected some growth traits. Vegetative and quantitative and qualitative yield components: Alnahar plants sprayed with Atonik growth stimulant at a concentration of 3ml L-1 gave the highest curd weight and total yield of 2.012 kg and 53.11 tons ha-1, respectively.
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References
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- Alhamrani, K. S.L.; Abdullah.A. A & Taain. D.A. (2019). Effect of Planting dates, Soile mulching and foliar spraying Calcium on the quantitative yield characteristics of Okra plant grown in plastic Greenhouse. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2):171-182. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/151
- Almusawi, M. H. K. (2023). Effect of growth regulator (Atonik) and Zn-Nano fertilizer on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). lop con f. series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1259(2023).012059. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012059.
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- El-Shabrawy, R. A. (2009). Effect of seed soaking and or foliar spray of Atonik on vegetative growth sex expression and yield of squash plants Journal of Agricultural Sciences Mansoura University.,34(2):1101-1106. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_116642.html
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- Haron, S. A.; Shukry.W. M; Abbas. A & Mowafy. A. M (2011). Growth and physiological responses of solanum lycopersicum to Atonik and benzyl adenine Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3(9): 219-331. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JENE/article-abstract/70A76C910084
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- Mijwel.A. K & Ridha. A. R (2021). Effect of Thidiazuron on growth and yield Parameters cauliflower on growth traits and productivity of hybrids Brassica oleracea var Botrytis hybrids. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 22(5&6):8-14. https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5885
- Yousife, K.H & Saeid. A.l (2023). Response of Broccoli to mulching and foliar application of Laicorice root extract and their effects on yield and macronutrient contents. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1): 60-74. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/907
- Zrar, D. B.; Aziz. B. R; Sawsan. M. S & Kanimarani. A (2022). Influence of foliar application of Atonik on vegetative growth and yield of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 50(3): 70-80.https://doaj.org/article/1464fbffd1a94221be5e839aa6a00528
References
Aati, A. S & Basem R. B (2019). Response of some cauliflower cultvars Brassica olerecea var. botrytis to water stress tolerance. Journal of Agriculture of Rafidain, 47(2): 234-241. https://www.iraqoaj.net/iasj/article/188423
Abdalla, M. A.; El-Greadly.N. H. M. & Emam.Y. T (2015). Effect of foliar spray with biostmulants on growth, head yield, phytohormones and nutrients of cabbage (Brassica olerecea var. capitata). Egyptian Journal of Horticulture.42(2):707-719. https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1326.html
Abdullah, A. A & Abdul H. Q. M (2013). The effect of fertilization with potassium humate solution on the growth and yield of two cauliflower cultvars "Neblina" and "ponderet" grown under salt stress conditions in desert areas in southern Iraq. Basra Journal of Agricultural Sciences,26(1):46-57. https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/journal/issue/8448
Ahmed, F & Ali.R.F.M. (2013). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh and processed white cauliflower. Biomed Res Int.2013(1). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2013/367819
Al-Furtuse, A. K.; Aldoghachi.K. A & Jabail. W.A (2019). Response of three varieties of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) to different levels of potassium fertilizer under southern region conditions of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(Spes.Issue): 25-34. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/137
Alhaly, Y. T. & Ibraheem.F. F. R (2023). Response of two cauliflower cultivars Brassica oleracea var. botrytis to plant spacing and foliar spraying with nano-boron fertilizer. Journal of pharmaceutical Negative results, 14(2): 1-10. https://www.pnrjournal.com/index.php/home/article/view/7632
Alhamrani, K. S.L.; Abdullah.A. A & Taain. D.A. (2019). Effect of Planting dates, Soile mulching and foliar spraying Calcium on the quantitative yield characteristics of Okra plant grown in plastic Greenhouse. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2):171-182. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/151
Almusawi, M. H. K. (2023). Effect of growth regulator (Atonik) and Zn-Nano fertilizer on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). lop con f. series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1259(2023).012059. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012059.
AL-Rikabi,G. Z & AL-Zubaidy . B.H. F (2021). Effect of foliar spraying with atonic on some vegetative and flowering characteristics of cucumber Cucumis melo. Var flexuosus.University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research , 10 (1): 95-103. https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/view/121
El-Shabrawy, R. A. (2009). Effect of seed soaking and or foliar spray of Atonik on vegetative growth sex expression and yield of squash plants Journal of Agricultural Sciences Mansoura University.,34(2):1101-1106. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_116642.html
Przybysz, A.; Gawronska, H. and Gajc-Wolska, J. (2014). Biological mode of action of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant. Journal. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5 Article 713. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4267195/
Hafez, H. M.; H. E. M. A. Ismail; A. A. Mohsen & H. G. Zyada (2023). Effect of transplanting date on vegetative characters, leaf pigments and yield of some cauliflower hybrids under sandy soil conditions. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research., 50(4): 437-450http://nile.enal.sci.eg/bib/69201
Haron, S. A.; Shukry.W. M; Abbas. A & Mowafy. A. M (2011). Growth and physiological responses of solanum lycopersicum to Atonik and benzyl adenine Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3(9): 219-331. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JENE/article-abstract/70A76C910084
Kemble.J. M; Albornoz.k; Bertucci.M.B; Bilbo.T.R; Jennings . K. M; Meadows. I. M; Melanson. R.A; Rodrigues.C; Rudolph.R. E; Walgenbach. J.F; Wright-Smith .H.E& Wszelaki . A. L (2024).Vegetable Crop Handbook. for Southeastern United.Stateshttps://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeastern-us-vegetable-crop-handbook
Mijwel.A. K & Ridha. A. R (2021). Effect of Thidiazuron on growth and yield Parameters cauliflower on growth traits and productivity of hybrids Brassica oleracea var Botrytis hybrids. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology 22(5&6):8-14. https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5885
Yousife, K.H & Saeid. A.l (2023). Response of Broccoli to mulching and foliar application of Laicorice root extract and their effects on yield and macronutrient contents. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1): 60-74. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/907
Zrar, D. B.; Aziz. B. R; Sawsan. M. S & Kanimarani. A (2022). Influence of foliar application of Atonik on vegetative growth and yield of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 50(3): 70-80.https://doaj.org/article/1464fbffd1a94221be5e839aa6a00528